第二章 · 强调句、倒装句
第二章-强调句、倒装句
第二章 常考语法——7.强调句、倒装句
强调句
强调句是一种修辞手段，通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调。只有一般现在时和一般过去时，如：
It was not until the teacher came in that students stopped talking.
They did give me some help.
This is the only book that I am interested in.
It引导的部分强调句
It的两种基本用法
it作形式主语，代替主语从句、动词不定式或动名词短语，被代替的是句子的真正的主语。
It delighted me that I could go to the college that I liked.（作形式主语代替主语从句）
It作形式宾语
I think it very important to learn English well.（代替动词不定式）
It引导的部分强调句
it is /was+被强调部分+that/ who+原句其他成分
可以用来强调主语、宾语、状语。如果强调的主语或宾语是指的人，则that可以由who来代替。如果强调的是状语，则不能用when, where来代替，只能是由that来引导。如：
It is us who/that are taught by Miss Wang.（强调宾语）
It is in the class 9 that Miss Wang teaches us.（强调状语）
特殊强调：It is/ was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分
It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
It引导的部分强调句
判断是否是强调结构的方法是，去掉it is/was和that后，剩余部分（经调整后）是否依然是个完整的句子，如果是，就是强调结构，否则就不是。
It is a pity that you could not come.（去掉后，句子不成立，所以该句是主语从句。）
It was at ten that he got home.（去掉后，原句调整
为he got home at ten.句子完整、正确，所以这个句子是强调结构。）
用助动词do强调
用助动词“do/does/did”+动词原形来表示强调，这种强调多用于强调说话者的感受，或者是强调两种情况的对比（此时，其前常伴有but.）
He does like playing basketball.
I do paint, but not very well. 我确实画画，但是画得不太好。
这种强调也常用来表示期望中的事情真的发生了，愿望终于实现了。例如，So I did see you !我果然见到你了。
其他一些常用的强调方法
重复一些特别强调的词，如用形容词very，simply, only, last等表示强调，加强语气。
I’m very fond of you as a friend.作为一个朋友，我非常非常喜欢你。
在句中增加一些能加强语气的词来达到强调的目的，如surely，really, certainly, definitely, such, so.
They will surely meet with due punishment.他们一定会受到应得的惩罚。
倒装句
全部倒装：将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
常见的结构有：
There goes the bell.
Here is the bus.
There sat an old woman.
Here he comes / Away they went.
全部倒装
There are many students in the classroom.
From the valley came a frightening sound.一个恐怖的声音从山谷传来。
部分倒装：只是谓语中的一部分（如助动词、情态动词或系动词be等）放在主语前面，其余部分仍放在主语后面。部分倒装是考试重点。
not, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner，never, not only ,by no means, not until等词或词组位于句首，句子用部分倒装。
No sooner/ Hardly had i got home than/ when it began to rain.
Seldom / Hardly / Scarcely do i go to work by bus.
Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room.
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
注意：如果only后面接的不是状语，而是其他部分不用倒装。
如：Only you can understand your mother.
So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled（受惊吓的，使大吃一惊，原形，startle）.
Such a noise did he make that his father scolded him seriously.
Old as/though he is, he works like a young man.
Pretty as she is , she is not clever.
Were I not so busy, I should go with you.如果我不是那么忙的话，我就和你一块去了。
He has been to Beijing . So have I.
He can’t answer the question. Neither can I.
