第二章 · 动词语态
第二章 动词语态
动词的语态
英语的语态有两种，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。此处主要讲被动语态。
一般说来，只有及物动词（短语）才有被动语态。结构为“动作承受者+助动词be+过去分词+by+动作执行者+with+工具”。被动语态的时态是通过be动词变化的。
被动语态的使用场合：强调动作的承受者；动作发出者未知或不便说出。（The man was killed）
被动语态共有十种时态
常用时态有8种，外加情态动词句式的被动语态。
English is widely spoken in the world.
The house was destroyed in the earthquake.
The baby will be taken to the hospital soon.
He said he would be criticized for what he did.
He has been given a chance.
By 1960,100 schools had been set up.
The building is being built.
When I went to the city, a high building was being built.
注意：
有些短语动词在意义上相当于及物动词，也有被动语态如
Women are not looked down upon now.
含情态动词的被动结构是“情态动词+be+过去分词”
The thing must be handed in.
被动语态的其他表达形式
注意：这种被动语态句型的否定和疑问要借助do构成。
Did you get scolded yesterday?
你昨天挨批评了吗？
He became seized with a deep sorrow.
他陷入了深深的忧伤之中。
被动语态的变异：用主动语态表达被动意义
The fish tastes good.
His theory proved correct.
The cloth washed well.（易洗）
Wood burns easily.（易燃）
what happened to you?
Work began at 7 this morning.
You have a lot of work to do.（不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系，但逻辑主语又是句子的主语或宾语）
I have some clothes to wash.
He is to blame for the accident.对于这次事故，他应该受到谴责。
The flower wants watering=The flower wants to be watered.
He is engaged in research.
be faced with , be devoted to （投身于）、be located in.
With two exams to worry about,I have to work hard this weekend.
There are still five trees to cut .
【例-单选题】Great changes _____place. Many new schools_____.
网校答案： A
网校解析：略
