第二章 · 虚拟语气

第二章-虚拟语气

动词的语气

语气分为：陈述语气、祁使语气、虚拟语气。虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。

虚拟条件句的几种情况：

If I were you, I would accept his apology.

虚拟语气

特殊词：wish后面的虚拟语气：

“可惜……”、“……就好了”、“悔不该……”、“但愿……”（be不分人称均为were）

I wish I were as slim as you.

I wish I knew the key to the answer.（对现在事实的虚拟，动词用一般过去时。）

If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.

I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.（对过去事实的虚拟，用过去完成时。）

She won’t come tomorrow. But if she should come, I would ask her to ring you.（should，万一。）

He wishes that we would visit the school.（对将来事实的虚拟，动词用情态动词的过去式，如should, could, might +动词原形。）

省略if的虚拟语气倒装：条件句中含有情态动词、助动词、be或have时，如含有were/should/had，这些词前置。

If it should happen, what would you do?

=Should it happen, what would you do?

If he had recognized me, he would have come over.

=Had he recognized me, he would have come over.

含蓄虚拟条件句：利用介词短语、连词或其他形式委婉地表示虚拟，如without, with, but for（要是有），otherwise,or,but.

Without your help（=If we had not had your help）, we could not have succeeded.

虚拟语气在if only（“要是……就好了”）引导的句子中的应用。

If only we knew the telephone number!

would rather与虚拟语气：would rather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。

I'd rather he didn't know.

I'd rather you hadn't done it.

虚拟语气用在名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句中，表示命令、建议、愿望、决定等。

主语从句：It was suggested（desired） that he （should） join the club./It is strange/ It is pity

宾语从句：The teacher ordered.（ ask,advise,beg,command, insist,propose,request） that all the books （should） be handed in on time.

（注意：当suggest表示“暗示、说明”之意，insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。）

The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.

表语从句：My suggestion is that the meeting （should） be canceled.

定语从句：在It is （high/about） time that……句型中也用虚拟语气（“该是做……的时候了”）表示早该做而没做。

It is time that we should go home.（不可以省略）

It is high time that we should make a decision.（should不能省略）

状语从句与虚拟语气：as if

It looks as if it was /were going to rain. 天看起来要下雨。

Take it in case it should rain.

【例-单选题】He insisted that we ___early the next morning.

网校答案：A